The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

IX.d

Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis)

Publications

Lusetti M, Licata M, Silingardi E, Reggiani Bonetti L, Palmiere C

Therapeutic and recreational methadone cardiotoxicity.

Journal of forensic and legal medicine. 2016;39:80-4

Nielsen MK, Johansen SS, Linnet K

Evaluation of poly-drug use in methadone-related fatalities using segmental hair analysis.

Forensic science international. 2015;248:134-9

Aghabiklooei A, Edalatparvar M, Zamani N, Mostafazadeh B

Prognostic factors in acute methadone toxicity: a 5-year study.

Journal of toxicology. 2014;2014:341826

Taheri F, Yaraghi A, Sabzghabaee AM, Moudi M, Eizadi-Mood N, Gheshlaghi F, Farajzadegan Z

Methadone toxicity in a poisoning referral center.

Journal of research in pharmacy practice. 2013;2(3):130-4

Aghabiklooei A, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Zamani N, Shadnia S, Mashayekhian M, Rahimi M, Nasouhi S, Ghoochani A

Effectiveness of naltrexone in the prevention of delayed respiratory arrest in opioid-naive methadone-intoxicated patients.

BioMed research international. 2013;2013:903172

Lee S, Klein-Schwartz W, Welsh C, Doyon S

Medical outcomes associated with nonmedical use of methadone and buprenorphine.

The Journal of emergency medicine. 2013;45(2):199-205

Palmiere C, Brunel C, Sporkert F, Augsburger M

An unusual case of accidental poisoning: fatal methadone inhalation.

Journal of forensic sciences. 2011;56(4):1072-5

Albion C, Shkrum M, Cairns J

Contributing factors to methadone-related deaths in Ontario.

The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology. 2010;31(4):313-9

Glatstein M, Finkelstein Y, Scolnik D

Accidental methadone ingestion in an infant: case report and review of the literature.

Pediatric emergency care. 2009;25(2):109-11

Mégarbane B, Declèves X, Bloch V, Bardin C, Chast F, Baud FJ

Case report: quantification of methadone-induced respiratory depression using toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic relationships.

Critical care (London, England). 2007;11(1):R5

Benítez-Rosario MA, Salinas Martín A, Gómez-Ontañón E, Feria M

Methadone-induced respiratory depression after discontinuing carbamazepine administration.

Journal of pain and symptom management. 2006;32(2):99-100