The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Corticosteroids, systemic (oral, parenteral)

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

II.a

Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)

Only limited direct evidence available. May result from water and salt (sodium chloride) retention. Patients with underlying heart or valvular dysfunction at risk. Search for underlying heart failure indicated

Publications

Furukawa S, Takaya A, Nakagawa T, Sakaguchi I, Nishi K

Fatal hypernatremia due to drinking a large quantity of shoyu (Japanese soy sauce).

Journal of forensic and legal medicine. 2011;18(2):91-2

Gonzolez ER, Cole T, Grimes MM, Fink RA, Fowler AA 3rd

Recurrent ARDS in a 39-year-old woman with migraine headaches.

Chest. 1998;114(3):919-22

Sladen A, Laver MB, Pontoppidan H

Pulmonary complications and water retention in prolonged mechanical ventilation.

The New England journal of medicine. 1968;279(9):448-53