The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XII.f

Cardiomyopathy (acute, subacute, chronic)

Publications

Ilonze OJ, Enyi CO, Ilonze CC

Cardiomyopathy and heart failure secondary to anabolic-androgen steroid abuse.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center). 2022;35(3):363-365

Gul U, Shahid M

Anabolic Steroid-induced Reversible Cardiomyopathy in a Young Non-athletic Female.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP. 2022;32(2):233-235

Esposito M, Licciardello G, Privitera F, Iannuzzi S, Liberto A, Sessa F, Salerno M

Forensic Post-Mortem Investigation in AAS Abusers: Investigative Diagnostic Protocol. A Systematic Review.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;11(8)

Hernández-Guerra AI, Tapia J, Menéndez-Quintanal LM, Lucena JS

Sudden cardiac death in anabolic androgenic steroids abuse: case report and literature review.

Forensic sciences research. 2019;4(3):267-273

Ha ET, Weinrauch ML, Brensilver J

Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathy Secondary to Left Ventricular Hypertrophy due to Long-term Anabolic-androgenic Steroid Use in a Former Olympic Athlete.

Cureus. 2018;10(9):e3313

Garner O, Iardino A, Ramirez A, Yakoby M

Cardiomyopathy induced by anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse.

BMJ case reports. 2018;2018

Montisci M, El Mazloum R, Cecchetto G, Terranova C, Ferrara SD, Thiene G, Basso C

Anabolic androgenic steroids abuse and cardiac death in athletes: morphological and toxicological findings in four fatal cases.

Forensic science international. 2012;217(1-3):e13-8