The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

II.a

Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)

Publications

Eizadi-Mood N, Naeini SA, Hedaiaty M, Sabzghabaee AM, Moudi M

Prevalence of pulmonary edema among the deceased cases with acute Methadone poisoning: A report from Iran.

Journal of research in pharmacy practice. 2016;5(4):290-293

Winklhofer S, Surer E, Ampanozi G, Ruder T, Stolzmann P, Elliott M, Oestreich A, Kraemer T, Thali M, Alkadhi H, Schweitzer W

Post-mortem whole body computed tomography of opioid (heroin and methadone) fatalities: frequent findings and comparison to autopsy.

European radiology. 2014;24(6):1276-82

Daugherty LE

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as rescue therapy for methadone-induced pulmonary edema.

Pediatric emergency care. 2011;27(7):633-4

Martin M, Daoudal P, Bein C, Bazzi N, Bourscheid D, Floriot C

[Inhaled methadone-induced non cardiogenic pulmonary edema with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome].

Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983). 2011;40(4 Pt 1):436-8

Karch SB, Stephens BG

Toxicology and pathology of deaths related to methadone: retrospective review.

The Western journal of medicine. 2000;172(1):11-4

Schaaf JT, Spivack ML, Rath GS, Snider GL

Pulmonary edema and adult respiratory distress syndrome following methadone abuse.

The American review of respiratory disease. 1973;107(6):1047-51

Goldman AL, Enquist RW

Methadone pulmonary edema.

Chest. 1973;63(2):275-6

Cucco RA, Yoo OH, Cregler L, Chang JC

Nonfatal pulmonary edema after "freebase" cocaine smoking.

The American review of respiratory disease. 1987;136(1):179-81

Presant S, Knight L, Klassen G

Methadone-induced pulmonary edema.

Canadian Medical Association journal. 1975;113(10):966-7