The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XX.h

Nontuberculous pulmonary mycobacterial infection/superinfection

Publications

Liu VX, Winthrop KL, Lu Y, Sharifi H, Nasiri HU, Ruoss SJ

Association between Inhaled Corticosteroid Use and Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection.

Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2018 Oct;15;1169-1176 — 2018 Oct — 1169-1176

Andréjak C, Nielsen R, Thomsen VØ, Duhaut P, Sørensen HT, Thomsen RW

Chronic respiratory disease, inhaled corticosteroids and risk of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis.

Thorax 2013 Mar;68;256-62 — 2013 Mar — 256-62

Hojo M, Iikura M, Hirano S, Sugiyama H, Kobayashi N, Kudo K

Increased risk of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in asthmatic patients using long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy.

Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) 2012 Jan;17;185-90 — 2012 Jan — 185-90