The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Corticosteroids, systemic (oral, parenteral)

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XVII.d

Pneumocystis jiroveci pulmonary colonization

Publications

Fritzsche C, Riebold D, Munk-Hartig A, Klammt S, Neeck G, Reisinger E

High prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization among patients with autoimmune inflammatory diseases and corticosteroid therapy.

Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. 2012;41(3):208-13

Shimizu Y, Sunaga N, Dobashi K, Fueki M, Fueki N, Makino S, Mori M

Serum markers in interstitial pneumonia with and without Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization: a prospective study.

BMC infectious diseases. 2009;9:47