The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XVII.k

Bacterial (incl. Pseudomonas) airway colonization

Publications

Eklöf J, Ingebrigtsen TS, Sørensen R, Saeed MI, Alispahic IA, Sivapalan P, Boel JB, Bangsborg J, Ostergaard C, Dessau RB, Jensen US, Hansen EF, Lapperre TS, Meteran H, Wilcke T, Seersholm N, Jensen JS

Use of inhaled corticosteroids and risk of acquiring Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Thorax. 2022;77(6):573-580

Martin M, Shaw D

Effect of inhaled corticosteroids on the microbiology of the respiratory tract.

Respirology (Carlton, Vic.). 2013;18(2):201-2

Zhang L, Prietsch SO, Mendes AP, Von Groll A, Rocha GP, Carrion L, Da Silva PE

Inhaled corticosteroids increase the risk of oropharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with asthma.

Respirology (Carlton, Vic.). 2013;18(2):272-7