The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

V.i

Thermal (burns, frostbite), chemical or caustic injury on the face, mouth, tongue, pharynx or upper airway

Publications

Kuspis DA, Krenzelok EP

Oral frostbite injury from intentional abuse of a fluorinated hydrocarbon.

Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology 1999;37;873-5 — 1999 — 873-5

Covalla JR, Strimlan CV, Lech JG

Severe tracheobronchitis from inhalation of an isobutyl nitrite preparation.

Drug intelligence & clinical pharmacy 1981 Jan;15;51-2 — 1981 Jan — 51-2