The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
Death following exposure or poisoning
Publications
Winklhofer S, Surer E, Ampanozi G, Ruder T, Stolzmann P, Elliott M, Oestreich A, Kraemer T, Thali M, Alkadhi H, Schweitzer W
Post-mortem whole body computed tomography of opioid (heroin and methadone) fatalities: frequent findings and comparison to autopsy.
European radiology 2014 Jun;24;1276-82 — 2014 Jun — 1276-82
Heroin body packer's death in Haryana; India: a case report.
Journal of forensic and legal medicine 2013 Aug;20;693-6 — 2013 Aug — 693-6
The histopathology of drugs of abuse.
Histopathology 2011 Oct;59;579-93 — 2011 Oct — 579-93
Outcome of acute heroin overdose requiring intensive care unit admission.
Journal of opioid management 2010 May-Jun;6;227-31 — 2010 May-Jun — 227-31
The comparative toxicology and major organ pathology of fatal methadone and heroin toxicity cases.
Drug and alcohol dependence 2010 Jan 01;106;1-6 — 2010 Jan 01 — 1-6
A clinical study of an epidemic of heroin intoxication and heroin-induced pulmonary edema.
The American journal of medicine 1971 Dec;51;704-14 — 1971 Dec — 704-14