The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Vaping

See under electronic cigarettes, e-cigarettes, ENDS. In addition to risks of vaping (can cause ARDS, somtimes fatal) and unknown adverse effects of agents including flavoring agent diacetyl and THC (PMID 25383564, 31491072), there is the risk of nicotine poisoning if cartridge contents is swallowed, notably by children. Cartridges may also contain illicit substances or drugs including cannabis (PMID 26347431), ‘sexual enhancers’ such as tadalafil, poppers (amyl nitrite, butyl nitrite), or drugs of abuse (PMID 30245461, 30835796).). Taking history of exposure to tobacco smoke, inhalants, stimulants, inhaled drugs and/or substances of abuse is indicated in every patient. Patients on oxygen (dioxygen) who use e-cigarette may suffer burns. See PMID 24338077, 24350225, 24575993, 24732161, 25383564, 27705269, 28522559, 31491070, 31491071, 31491072, 31491073)

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

No patterns are linked to this drug.