The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

L.o

Death following exposure or poisoning

Publications

Eggleston W, Stoppacher R, Suen K, Marraffa JM, Nelson LS

Kratom Use and Toxicities in the United States.

Pharmacotherapy 2019 Jul;39;775-777 — 2019 Jul — 775-777

Neerman MF, Frost RE, Deking J

A drug fatality involving Kratom.

Journal of forensic sciences 2013 Jan;58 Suppl 1;S278-9 — 2013 Jan — S278-9