The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
See also under drugs on right panel. Pulmonary edema (PE) was common in heroin addicts ('overdose'). PE is also very common in executed inmates in whom high doses of drugs are given.
Publications
The unknown known: non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema in amlodipine poisoning, a cohort study.
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2020 Mar 02;;1-8 — 2020 Mar 02 — 1-8
Massive verapamil overdose complicated by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.
The American journal of emergency medicine 1996 Sep;14;459-61 — 1996 Sep — 459-61
Salicylate pulmonary edema: the mechanism in sheep and review of the clinical literature.
The American review of respiratory disease 1977 Feb;115;261-8 — 1977 Feb — 261-8