The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
BAL: An excess proportion of lymphocytes
Publications
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid lymphocytosis in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BMC pulmonary medicine 2026 Mar 06;26; — 2026 Mar 06
Mitropoulou G, Daccord C, Sauty A, Pasche A, Egger B, Aedo Lopez V, Letovanec I, Beigelman-Aubry C, Nicod LP, Lazor R
Immunotherapy-Induced Airway Disease: A New Pattern of Lung Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases 2020 Jan 08;;1-6 — 2020 Jan 08 — 1-6
Pneumotoxicity associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies.
Current opinion in pulmonary medicine 2017 07;23;305-316 — 2017 07 — 305-316
Pulmonary sarcoid-like granulomatosis induced by nivolumab.
The British journal of dermatology 2017 Apr;176;1060-1063 — 2017 Apr — 1060-1063