The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XLVIII.t

CNS involvement/dysfunction/damage

Publications

Farrell A, O'Brien B, Janeczko P, Cassimatis N, Monoky D

Heroin Inhalation Leukoencephalopathy: An Overlooked Entity in the Opioid Epidemic.

Cureus 2023 Jun;15;e40535 — 2023 Jun — e40535

Bolz J, Meves SH, Kara K, Reinacher-Schick A, Gold R, Krogias C

Multiple cerebral infarctions in a young patient with heroin-induced hypereosinophilic syndrome.

Journal of the neurological sciences 2015 Sep 15;356;193-5 — 2015 Sep 15 — 193-5