The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XVII.a

Respiratory tract infection incl. pneumonia

Publications

Tolppanen AM, Koponen M, Tanskanen A, Lavikainen P, Sund R, Tiihonen J, Hartikainen S, Taipale H

Antipsychotic Use and Risk of Hospitalization or Death Due to Pneumonia in Persons With and Those Without Alzheimer Disease.

Chest. 2016;150(6):1233-1241

Gambassi G, Sultana J, Trifirò G

Antipsychotic use in elderly patients and the risk of pneumonia.

Expert opinion on drug safety. 2015;14(1):1-6

Yang SY, Liao YT, Liu HC, Chen WJ, Chen CC, Kuo CJ

Antipsychotic drugs, mood stabilizers, and risk of pneumonia in bipolar disorder: a nationwide case-control study.

The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2013;74(1):e79-86