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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

I.g

Pulmonary fibrosis

The fibrosis caused by nitrosoureas has the reputation for being severe, progressive and fatal

Publications

Reithmeier T, Graf E, Piroth T, Trippel M, Pinsker MO, Nikkhah G

BCNU for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: efficacy, toxicity and prognostic factors.

BMC cancer. 2010;10:30

Frankel SK, Cool CD, Lynch DA, Brown KK

Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: description of a novel clinicopathologic entity.

Chest. 2004;126(6):2007-13

Melato M, Tuveri G

Pulmonary fibrosis following low-dose 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) therapy.

Cancer. 1980;45(6):1311-4

Cordonnier C, Vernant JP, Mital P, Lange F, Bernaudin JF, Rochant H

Pulmonary fibrosis subsequent to high doses of CCNU for chronic myeloid leukemia.

Cancer. 1983;51(10):1814-8

Stone MD, Richardson MG

Pulmonary toxicity of lomustine.

Cancer treatment reports. 1987;71(7-8):786-7

Crittenden D, Tranum BL, Haut A

Pulmonary fibrosis after prolonged therapy with 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea.

Chest. 1977;72(3):372-3

Bailey CC, Marsden HB, Jones PH

Fatal pulmonary fibrosis following 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) therapy.

Cancer. 1978;42(1):74-6

Hundley RF, Lukens JN

Nitrosourea-associated pulmonary fibrosis.

Cancer treatment reports. 1979;63(11-12):2128-30