The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

II.a

Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)

Publications

Wilson KC, Saukkonen JJ

Acute respiratory failure from abused substances.

Journal of intensive care medicine. 2004;19(4):183-93

Grellner W, Madea B, Sticht G

Pulmonary histopathology and survival period in morphine-involved deaths.

Journal of forensic sciences. 1996;41(3):433-7

Vaeusorn N

Pulmonary edema in acute morphine intoxication. A case report.

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet. 1970;53(12):894-6