The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
Respiratory tract infection incl. pneumonia
Publications
Infective pneumonia following the use of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease patients: A real-world disproportionality analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.
PloS one. 2025;20(8):e0317242
[Infectious events during the first year of treatment with an antagonist of the tumor necrosis factor].
Farmacia hospitalaria : organo oficial de expresion cientifica de la Sociedad Espanola de Farmacia Hospitalaria. 2013;37(5):351-7
Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 13-2009. A 54-year-old woman with respiratory failure and a cavitary lesion in the lung.
The New England journal of medicine. 2009;360(17):1770-9