The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

VII.b

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

Publications

Ndukwe U, Parkey A, Samanta D, Masri A, Willis E

Reversible Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Due to Fenfluramine in a Young Child: A Case Report.

Cureus 2026 May;18;e108354 — 2026 May

Souza R, Humbert M, Sztrymf B, Jaïs X, Yaïci A, Le Pavec J, Parent F, Hervé P, Soubrier F, Sitbon O, Simonneau G

Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with fenfluramine exposure: report of 109 cases.

The European respiratory journal 2008 Feb;31;343-8 — 2008 Feb — 343-8

Humbert M, Sitbon O, Chaouat A, Bertocchi M, Habib G, Gressin V, Yaici A, Weitzenblum E, Cordier JF, Chabot F, Dromer C, Pison C, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Haloun A, Laurent M, Hachulla E, Simonneau G

Pulmonary arterial hypertension in France: results from a national registry.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2006 May 01;173;1023-30 — 2006 May 01 — 1023-30

Fishman AP

Aminorex to fen/phen: an epidemic foretold.

Circulation 1999 Jan 5-12;99;156-61 — 1999 Jan 5-12 — 156-61

Simonneau G, Fartoukh M, Sitbon O, Humbert M, Jagot JL, Hervé P

Primary pulmonary hypertension associated with the use of fenfluramine derivatives.

Chest 1998 Sep;114;195S-199S — 1998 Sep — 195S-199S

McCann UD, Seiden LS, Rubin LJ, Ricaurte GA

Brain serotonin neurotoxicity and primary pulmonary hypertension from fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine. A systematic review of the evidence.

JAMA 1997 Aug 27;278;666-72 — 1997 Aug 27 — 666-72

Voelkel NF

Drug-induced pulmonary hypertension: must history repeat itself?

Pulmonary pharmacology 1996 Apr;9;67-8 — 1996 Apr — 67-8

Cacoub P, Dorent R, Nataf P, Houppe JP, Piette JC, Godeau P, Gandjbakhch I

Pulmonary hypertension and dexfenfluramine.

European journal of clinical pharmacology 1995;48;81-3 — 1995 — 81-3

Douglas JG, Munro JF, Kitchin AH, Muir AL, Proudfoot AT

Pulmonary hypertension and fenfluramine.

British medical journal (Clinical research ed.) 1981 Oct 03;283;881-3 — 1981 Oct 03 — 881-3

Loogen F, Worth H, Schwan G, Goeckenjan G, Lösse B, Horstkotte D

Long-term follow-up of pulmonary hypertension in patients with and without anorectic drug intake.

Cor et vasa 1985;27;111-24 — 1985 — 111-24

McMurray J, Bloomfield P, Miller HC

Irreversible pulmonary hypertension after treatment with fenfluramine.

British medical journal (Clinical research ed.) 1986 Jul 05;293;51-2 — 1986 Jul 05 — 51-2

Watters K, Le Ridant A

Irreversible pulmonary hypertension after treatment with fenfluramine.

British medical journal (Clinical research ed.) 1986 Apr 26;292;1137 — 1986 Apr 26 — 1137

McMurray J, Bloomfield P, Miller HC

Irreversible pulmonary hypertension after treatment with fenfluramine.

British medical journal (Clinical research ed.) 1986 Jan 25;292;239-40 — 1986 Jan 25 — 239-40