The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

VI.b

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

Publications

Ndukwe U, Parkey A, Samanta D, Masri A, Willis E

Reversible Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Due to Fenfluramine in a Young Child: A Case Report.

Cureus. 2026;18(5):e108354

Souza R, Humbert M, Sztrymf B, Jaïs X, Yaïci A, Le Pavec J, Parent F, Hervé P, Soubrier F, Sitbon O, Simonneau G

Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with fenfluramine exposure: report of 109 cases.

The European respiratory journal. 2008;31(2):343-8

Humbert M, Sitbon O, Chaouat A, Bertocchi M, Habib G, Gressin V, Yaici A, Weitzenblum E, Cordier JF, Chabot F, Dromer C, Pison C, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Haloun A, Laurent M, Hachulla E, Simonneau G

Pulmonary arterial hypertension in France: results from a national registry.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2006;173(9):1023-30

Fishman AP

Aminorex to fen/phen: an epidemic foretold.

Circulation. 1999;99(1):156-61

Simonneau G, Fartoukh M, Sitbon O, Humbert M, Jagot JL, Hervé P

Primary pulmonary hypertension associated with the use of fenfluramine derivatives.

Chest. 1998;114(3 Suppl):195S-199S

McCann UD, Seiden LS, Rubin LJ, Ricaurte GA

Brain serotonin neurotoxicity and primary pulmonary hypertension from fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine. A systematic review of the evidence.

JAMA. 1997;278(8):666-72

Voelkel NF

Drug-induced pulmonary hypertension: must history repeat itself?

Pulmonary pharmacology. 1996;9(2):67-8

Cacoub P, Dorent R, Nataf P, Houppe JP, Piette JC, Godeau P, Gandjbakhch I

Pulmonary hypertension and dexfenfluramine.

European journal of clinical pharmacology. 1995;48(1):81-3

Douglas JG, Munro JF, Kitchin AH, Muir AL, Proudfoot AT

Pulmonary hypertension and fenfluramine.

British medical journal (Clinical research ed.). 1981;283(6296):881-3

Loogen F, Worth H, Schwan G, Goeckenjan G, Lösse B, Horstkotte D

Long-term follow-up of pulmonary hypertension in patients with and without anorectic drug intake.

Cor et vasa. 1985;27(2-3):111-24

McMurray J, Bloomfield P, Miller HC

Irreversible pulmonary hypertension after treatment with fenfluramine.

British medical journal (Clinical research ed.). 1986;293(6538):51-2

Watters K, Le Ridant A

Irreversible pulmonary hypertension after treatment with fenfluramine.

British medical journal (Clinical research ed.). 1986;292(6528):1137

McMurray J, Bloomfield P, Miller HC

Irreversible pulmonary hypertension after treatment with fenfluramine.

British medical journal (Clinical research ed.). 1986;292(6515):239-40