The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

II.b

ARDS - Acute lung injury

Publications

Afflu DK, Cody BA, Lendermon E, Sanchez PG

The use of bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation in the management of acute severe drug-induced interstitial lung disease: A case report.

JHLT open. 2024;5:100108

Givry F, Lebargy F, Lebrun D, Bonnet M, Ruellan AL, Hentzien M, Azzouz B, Bani-Sadr F

Lung toxicity related to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole: pharmacovigilance data review.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2025;80(4):1148-1152

Huang P, Kam KQ, Tan YH, Lee MP, Chan SB, Lee JH

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced lung injury: a case report.

Translational pediatrics. 2023;12(11):2062-2073

Natterer J, Rizzati F, Perez MH, Longchamp D, Amiet V, DeHalleux Q, Dao K, Ferry T

Suspected Case of Drug-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome following Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Treatment.

Journal of pediatric intensive care. 2022;11(1):67-71

Rubin J, Chiu ML, Mino-Kenudson M, Sharma A, Witkin AS, Moschovis PP, Vogel Y, Shelton K, Crowley J, Raz Y

ARDS With Pneumothorax in a Young Adult.

Chest. 2022;161(2):e111-e116

Miller JO, Shih AR, Mino-Kenudson M, Taylor MS, Goldman JL

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole-associated Fulminant Respiratory Failure in Children and Young Adults.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2021;203(7):918-921

Miller JO, Taylor J, Goldman JL

Severe Acute Respiratory Failure in Healthy Adolescents Exposed to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole.

Pediatrics. 2019;143(6)

Silvestri RC, Jensen WA, Zibrak JD, Alexander RC, Rose RM

Pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxemia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome re-exposed to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

The American review of respiratory disease. 1987;136(4):1003-4

Cass RM

Adult respiratory distress syndrome and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Annals of internal medicine. 1987;106(2):331

Arnold PA, Guglielmo BJ, Hollander H

Severe hypersensitivity reaction upon rechallenge with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a patient with AIDS.

Drug intelligence & clinical pharmacy. 1988;22(1):43-5