And/or tobacco substitutes. PMID 22365253, 23001806, 23999882. Passive smoking (secondhand smoke) may cause part of these manifestations, particularly in children. Review on imaging of smoking-related ILD: PMID 24480144. Tobacco smoking may alter the pharmacokinetics of anticancer agents, being detrimental in terms of therapeutic efficacy (PMID: 24926542). Smoking in survivors of Hodgkin's and other malignant lymphomas should be discouraged, as risk of developing lung cancer is makedly increased. Reviews at PMID 25415179, 25415179, 25498399, 29222007. Imaging and pathology at PMID 26479130.