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Diagnosing DIRD
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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website
Philippe Camus, M.D.
Dijon, France
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Drugs
Patterns
Cyclophosphamide (i.v infusional)
2
See also under 'Cyclophosphamide'
Last update :
29/03/2025
I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b
Pneumonitis (ILD)
1
II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a
Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
1
IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.f
Hiccup
1
XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.ai
Cardiotoxicity
2
XVI - Imaging
XVI.b
Imaging: Ground-glass opacities (GGO) / shadowing
1
XVI.m
Imaging: Interlobular septal thickening
1
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Identify causative drugs
Diagnosing DIRD
1
Drug and radiation history
2
Drug singularity - Correct identification of the drug
3
Consistent timing of exposure v. onset of symptoms
4
Clinical, imaging, BAL, pathological pattern consistent with the specific drug
5
Careful exlusion of another cause
6
Remission of symptoms with removal of drug
7
Recurrence with rechallenge (rarely advisable)
8
Causality assessment
More detailed checklist
See also under
Cyclophosphamide