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Mechanical ventilation (invasive)

Abundant literature on mechanical ventilation-induced barotrauma, ventilator-associated pneumonia, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum available (e.g. PMID 24283226)

Last update : 23/12/2014

V.f Pneumothorax

VII.h Pneumomediastinum

XI.ae Barotrauma (incl. pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, interstitial ephysema...)

XVI.af Imaging: Lung cysts or bullae (see also XVI ah/bf)

XXIII.a Acute respiratory distress

Diagnosing DIRD

Drug and radiation history

Drug singularity - Correct identification of the drug

Consistent timing of exposure v. onset of symptoms

Clinical, imaging, BAL, pathological pattern consistent with the specific drug

Careful exlusion of another cause

Remission of symptoms with removal of drug

Recurrence with rechallenge (rarely advisable)

Causality assessment

More detailed checklist

The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website