The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Adulterants, contaminants, cutting agents

Specialities: Addiction medicine · ICU - I.C.U. · Internal medicine · Rheumatology

See under each agent listed on right (anticoagulants, benzocaine, brodifacoum, bromadiolone, caffeine, cannabinoids, cocaine, cocaine (tainted), crospovidone, hydroxyzine, levamisole, paraquat, phenacetin, superwarfarins, talc). An issue as regards self-injected tablets and abused drugs/substances (PMID 18494838, 24509237, 26974713, 28699480). Funduscopy can be of diagnistic help (PMID 23445096)

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

No patterns are linked to this drug.