Philippe Camus, M.D.

Dijon, France

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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Thalidomide

The drug was recalled in the 1960s on the basis of embryopathy and skeletal (limb) malformations. Thalidomide and congeners (lenalidomide, pomalidomide) are now used for the treatment of multiple myeloma

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease

I.a

Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
I.b

Pneumonitis (interstitial lung disease/ILD)
I.c

Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
I.d

Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging)

II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS

II.b

ARDS - Acute lung injury

VI - Pulmonary vasculopathy

VI.a

Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thromboembolism
VI.b

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

XV - Pathology

XV.c

Path: Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (see also Id)
XV.e

Path: ILD with a granulomatous component (see also Im)

XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA

XIX.a

BAL: An excess proportion of lymphocytes
XIX.b

BAL: An excess proportion of neutrophils