The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

VIII.e

Laryngospasm (a.k.a. laryngismus)

Publications

Burnett AM, Watters BJ, Barringer KW, Griffith KR, Frascone RJ

Laryngospasm and hypoxia after intramuscular administration of ketamine to a patient in excited delirium.

Prehospital emergency care. 2012;16(3):412-4

Baduni N, Sanwal MK, Jain A, Kachru N

Recurrent episodes of intractable laryngospasm followed by laryngeal and pulmonary oedema during dissociative anaesthesia with intravenous ketamine.

Indian journal of anaesthesia. 2010;54(4):364-5

Melendez E, Bachur R

Serious adverse events during procedural sedation with ketamine.

Pediatric emergency care. 2009;25(5):325-8

Cohen VG, Krauss B

Recurrent episodes of intractable laryngospasm during dissociative sedation with intramuscular ketamine.

Pediatric emergency care. 2006;22(4):247-9