The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
Laryngospasm (a.k.a. laryngismus)
Publications
Laryngospasm and hypoxia after intramuscular administration of ketamine to a patient in excited delirium.
Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors 2012 Jul-Sep;16;412-4 — 2012 Jul-Sep — 412-4
Recurrent episodes of intractable laryngospasm followed by laryngeal and pulmonary oedema during dissociative anaesthesia with intravenous ketamine.
Indian journal of anaesthesia 2010 Jul;54;364-5 — 2010 Jul — 364-5
Serious adverse events during procedural sedation with ketamine.
Pediatric emergency care 2009 May;25;325-8 — 2009 May — 325-8
Recurrent episodes of intractable laryngospasm during dissociative sedation with intramuscular ketamine.
Pediatric emergency care 2006 Apr;22;247-9 — 2006 Apr — 247-9