The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

L.h

Aspiration, aspiration pneumonia (w/wo demonstrable pharyngeal dysmotility)

Publications

Jalleh RJ, Talley NJ, Horowitz M, Nauck MA

The science of safety: adverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists as glucose-lowering and obesity medications.

The Journal of clinical investigation 2026 Feb 16;136; — 2026 Feb 16

Essilfie-Quaye K, Maule G, Hashim H, Khraisat M, Okonoboh P, Jantz M

Semaglutide-Induced Silent Aspiration: An Unrecognised Cause of Organising Pneumonia.

Respirology case reports 2025 Jul;13;e70249 — 2025 Jul