The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

I.a

Pneumonitis (interstitial lung disease/ILD)

Publications

Tanaka N, Kitahara K, Kusunoki Y, Sunaga T

Drug-Induced Lung Injury With Drug Eruption Due to Apalutamide Followed by Switch to Bicalutamide: A Case Report.

Cureus 2025 Sep;17;e91764 — 2025 Sep

Kirishima F, Shigematsu Y, Kobayashi K

Interstitial lung disease induced by apalutamide therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer: A report of a rare case.

IJU case reports 2022 May;5;153-155 — 2022 May — 153-155

Kobe H, Tachikawa R, Masuno Y, Matsunashi A, Murata S, Hagimoto H, Tomii K

Apalutamide-induced severe interstitial lung disease: A report of two cases from Japan.

Respiratory investigation 2021 Jun 15;; — 2021 Jun 15