The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
Publications
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) postmarket reported side effects and adverse events associated with pulmonary hypertension therapy in pediatric patients.
Pediatric cardiology 2013 Oct;34;1628-36 — 2013 Oct — 1628-36
Ogawa A, Matsubara H, Fujio H, Miyaji K, Nakamura K, Morita H, Saito H, Kusano KF, Emori T, Date H, Ohe T
Risk of alveolar hemorrhage in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension--anticoagulation and epoprostenol therapy.
Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 2005 Feb;69;216-20 — 2005 Feb — 216-20