The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
Publications
Leflunomide-induced interstitial lung disease (a systematic review).
Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG 2013 Nov 22;30;167-76 — 2013 Nov 22 — 167-76
Leflunomide-induced interstitial pneumonitis might be a representative of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-induced lung injury.
Expert opinion on drug safety 2011 Jul;10;603-11 — 2011 Jul — 603-11
Comment on: Factors associated with fatal outcome of leflunomide-induced lung injury in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2010 Aug;49;1606; author reply 1607 — 2010 Aug — 1606; author reply 1607
Clinical expression of leflunomide-induced pneumonitis.
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2009 Sep;48;1065-8 — 2009 Sep — 1065-8
Leflunomide-related lung injury in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: imaging features.
Modern rheumatology 2005;15;173-9 — 2005 — 173-9
Pneumonitis associated with leflunomide: a profile of New Zealand and Australian reports.
Internal medicine journal 2006 Mar;36;162-9 — 2006 Mar — 162-9
Interstitial lung disease associated with leflunomide.
Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2004 Dec;43;1103-4 — 2004 Dec — 1103-4