The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Fentanyl analogs/derivatives/substituted

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XI.r

Death following exposure or poisoning

Publications

Torralva R, Janowsky A

Noradrenergic Mechanisms in Fentanyl-Mediated Rapid Death Explain Failure of Naloxone in the Opioid Crisis.

The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2019;371(2):453-475

O'Donnell JK, Halpin J, Mattson CL, Goldberger BA, Gladden RM

Deaths Involving Fentanyl, Fentanyl Analogs, and U-47700 - 10 States, July-December 2016.

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2017;66(43):1197-1202

Armenian P, Vo KT, Barr-Walker J, Lynch KL

Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review.

Neuropharmacology. 2018;134(Pt A):121-132

Socías ME, Wood E

Epidemic of deaths from fentanyl overdose.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2017;358:j4355