The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
Death following exposure or poisoning
Publications
Noradrenergic Mechanisms in Fentanyl-Mediated Rapid Death Explain Failure of Naloxone in the Opioid Crisis.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 2019 Sep 06;; — 2019 Sep 06
Deaths Involving Fentanyl, Fentanyl Analogs, and U-47700 - 10 States, July-December 2016.
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report 2017 Nov 03;66;1197-1202 — 2017 Nov 03 — 1197-1202
Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review.
Neuropharmacology 2018 05 15;134;121-132 — 2018 05 15 — 121-132
Epidemic of deaths from fentanyl overdose.
BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2017 09 28;358;j4355 — 2017 09 28 — j4355