The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XLI.a

Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)

Publications

Zakhama L, Ben Ameur W, Antit S, Slama I, Jallad AE, Chenik S, Masmoudi M, Herbegue B, Boussabah E, Thameur M, Ben Youssef S

Can CS gas induce myocardial infarction?

La Tunisie medicale 2016 Oct;94;626-628 — 2016 Oct — 626-628

STEIN AA, KIRWAN WE

CHLORACETOPHENONE (TEAR GAS) POISONING: A CLINICO-PATHOLOGIC REPORT.

Journal of forensic sciences 1964 Jul;9;374-82 — 1964 Jul — 374-82

Vaca FE, Myers JH, Langdorf M

Delayed pulmonary edema and bronchospasm after accidental lacrimator exposure.

The American journal of emergency medicine 1996 Jul;14;402-5 — 1996 Jul — 402-5

Krapf R, Thalmann H

[Acute exposure to CS tear gas and clinical studies].

Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift 1981 Dec 26;111;2056-60 — 1981 Dec 26 — 2056-60