The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

II.a

Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)

Publications

Takumi K, Mihara T, Kinoshita M

Unilateral Pulmonary Edema Associated With Prolonged Lateral Decubitus Positioning During Tocolytic Therapy in Pregnancy: A Case Report.

Cureus. 2026;18(2):e103398

Kimura M, Kato T, Nohara R

Pulmonary edema complicating ritodrine infusion in a patient with premature labor.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan). 2013;52(1):155

Findik S, Dirican A, Sengul B, Uzun O, Atici A, Erkan L

Acute pulmonary edema secondary to long-term use of oral ritodrine in a woman with a triplet pregnancy.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2007;96(3):208-11

Lamont RF

The pathophysiology of pulmonary oedema with the use of beta-agonists.

BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. 2000;107(4):439-44

Bowen RE, Dedhia HV, Beatty J, Schiebel F, Koss W, Granados J

ARDS associated with the use of sympathomimetics and glucocorticoids for the treatment of premature labor.

Critical care medicine. 1983;11(8):671-2

Alper M, Cohen WR

Pulmonary edema associated with ritodrine and dexamethasone treatment of threatened premature labor. A case report.

The Journal of reproductive medicine. 1983;28(5):349-52

MacLennan FM, Thomson MA, Rankin R, Terry PB, Adey GD

Fatal pulmonary oedema associated with the use of ritodrine in pregnancy. Case report.

British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. 1985;92(7):703-5

Gupta RC, Foster S, Romano PM, Thomas HM 3rd

Acute pulmonary edema associated with the use of oral ritodrine for premature labor.

Chest. 1989;95(2):479-81

Hardy CC, Lorigan P, Ratcliffe A, Carroll KB

Asthma in pregnancy complicated by iatrogenic pulmonary oedema.

Postgraduate medical journal. 1989;65(764):407-9

Pisani RJ, Rosenow EC 3rd

Pulmonary edema associated with tocolytic therapy.

Annals of internal medicine. 1989;110(9):714-8

Elliott HR, Abdulla U, Hayes PJ

Pulmonary oedema associated with ritodrine infusion and betamethasone administration in premature labour.

British medical journal. 1978;2(6140):799-800