The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

II.d

Pulmonary edema, cardiogenic

Publications

Zhong Z, Liu M, Zhong Q, Zhou M, Di X

Drug-induced pulmonary edema: a real-world pharmacovigilance study using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas 2025;58;e14566 — 2025

Maeder MT, Kleiner R, Weilenmann D

Severely worsening dyspnea after initiation of macitentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension.

International journal of cardiology 2016 Jan 01;202;244-5 — 2016 Jan 01 — 244-5