The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

II.a

Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)

Publications

Kim SH, Choi JH, Choi B, Kim C

Fulminant Pulmonary Edema Triggered by Phenylephrine-Induced Hypertension for Early Neurological Deterioration in Ischemic Stroke.

Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea). 2026;22(5):610-612

Kim HT, Jang IS, An SK

Acute pulmonary edema due to phenylephrine injection in patient receiving long-term beta-blocker therapy: A case report.

Korean journal of anesthesiology. 2009;57(2):242-245

Venkatakrishnan J, Jagadeesh V, Kannan R

Pulmonary edema following instillation of topical phenylephrine eyedrops in a child under general anesthesia.

European journal of ophthalmology. 2011;21(1):115-7

Varshney PG, Saxena KN, Sethi A, Varshney M

Pulmonary oedema following topical phenylephrine administration in a child anaesthetised for cataract extraction.

Paediatric anaesthesia. 2009;19(2):181-2

von Schnakenburg C, Peuster M, Norozi K, Roebl M, Maibohm M, Wessel A, Fink C

Acute pulmonary edema caused by epoprostenol infusion in a child with scimitar syndrome and pulmonary hypertension.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies. 2003;4(1):111-4

Krovvidi H, Kulkarni PR

Management of intraoperative pulmonary oedema in a child following systemic absorption of phenylephrine eyedrops.

British journal of anaesthesia. 2002;89(2):343; author reply 343-4

Baldwin FJ, Morley AP

Intraoperative pulmonary oedema in a child following systemic absorption of phenylephrine eyedrops.

British journal of anaesthesia. 2002;88(3):440-2

Miller SA, Mieler WF

Systemic reaction to subconjunctival phenylephrine.

Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie. 1978;13(4):290-3