The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

LI.n

Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP)

Publications

Cappelletti S, Piacentino D, Fineschi V, Frati P, Cipolloni L, Aromatario M

Caffeine-Related Deaths: Manner of Deaths and Categories at Risk.

Nutrients 2018 May 14;10; — 2018 May 14

Aknouche F, Guibert E, Tessier A, Eibel A, Kintz P

Suicide by ingestion of caffeine.

Egyptian journal of forensic sciences 2017;7;6 — 2017 — 6

Ciszowski K, Biedro? W, Gomólka E

Acute caffeine poisoning resulting in atrial fibrillation after guarana extract overdose.

Przeglad lekarski 2014;71;495-8 — 2014 — 495-8

Bioh G, Gallagher MM, Prasad U

Survival of a highly toxic dose of caffeine.

BMJ case reports 2013 Feb 08;2013; — 2013 Feb 08