The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XI.e

Respiratory acidosis - Hypercapnia

Publications

Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Farnaghi F, Rahimi M

Tramadol overdose and apnea in hospitalized children, a review of 20 cases.

Research in pharmaceutical sciences 2015 Nov-Dec;10;544-52 — 2015 Nov-Dec — 544-52

Rahimi HR, Soltaninejad K, Shadnia S

Acute tramadol poisoning and its clinical and laboratory findings.

Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 2014 Sep;19;855-9 — 2014 Sep — 855-9