The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Diacetyl (2,3-butanedione) flavoring agent

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XLIII.x

Obliterative bronchiolitis (a pattern consistent with) (see also IVn, XVx)

Publications

Bailey RL, Cox-Ganser JM, Duling MG, LeBouf RF, Martin SB, Bledsoe TA, Green BJ, Kreiss K

Respiratory morbidity in a coffee processing workplace with sentinel obliterative bronchiolitis cases.

American journal of industrial medicine 2015 Dec;58;1235-45 — 2015 Dec — 1235-45

Cummings KJ, Boylstein RJ, Stanton ML, Piacitelli CA, Edwards NT, LeBouf RF, Kreiss K

Respiratory symptoms and lung function abnormalities related to work at a flavouring manufacturing facility.

Occupational and environmental medicine 2014 Aug;71;549-54 — 2014 Aug — 549-54

Halldin CN, Suarthana E, Fedan KB, Lo YC, Turabelidze G, Kreiss K

Increased respiratory disease mortality at a microwave popcorn production facility with worker risk of bronchiolitis obliterans.

PloS one 2013;8;e57935 — 2013 — e57935

Epler GR

Constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans: the fibrotic airway disorder.

Expert review of respiratory medicine 2007 Aug;1;139-47 — 2007 Aug — 139-47

Akpinar-Elci M, Travis WD, Lynch DA, Kreiss K

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in popcorn production plant workers.

The European respiratory journal 2004 Aug;24;298-302 — 2004 Aug — 298-302