The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

IX.i

Respiratory arrest - Apnea

Publications

Kuczyńska K, Grzonkowski P, Kacprzak Ł, Zawilska JB

Abuse of fentanyl: An emerging problem to face.

Forensic science international. 2018;289:207-214

Wu G, Wu G, Wu H

A Costly Lesson: Fatal Respiratory Depression Induced by Clindamycin during Postoperative Patient Controlled Analgesia.

Pain physician. 2015;18(3):E429-31

Topacoglu H, Karcioglu O, Cimrin AH, Arnold J

Respiratory arrest after low-dose fentanyl.

Annals of Saudi medicine. 2005;25(6):508-10