The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XLII.a

Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)

Publications

Aseyev O, Zrielykh L, Shi M, Filipovic K, Seymour C, Siddiqui R, Biman B

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Pneumonitis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Narrative Review of Incidence and Clinical Risk Factors.

Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) 2026 Apr 22;33; — 2026 Apr 22

Shahbaz MU, Khalid M, Usman M, Asif MZ, Macbruce D

Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Mimicking Pneumonia in a Patient With Interstitial Lung Disease on Ticagrelor.

Cureus 2026 Apr;18;e107651 — 2026 Apr

Domínguez-Rodríguez A, Abreu-González J, García-Saíz M, Boada C, Abreu-González P, Laynez-Cerdeña I

WITHDRAWN: Pulmonary Hemorrhage in a Patient With ST-segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated With Ticagrelor: A Case Report.

Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed.) 2015 Mar 12;; — 2015 Mar 12

Whitmore TJ, O'Shea JP, Starac D, Edwards MG, Waterer GW

A case of pulmonary hemorrhage due to drug-induced pneumonitis secondary to ticagrelor therapy.

Chest 2014 Mar 01;145;639-641 — 2014 Mar 01 — 639-641