The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

LIX.b

Opportunistic pulmonary/systemic infections

Publications

Reynolds KL, Sullivan RJ, Fintelmann FJ, Mansour MK, England J

Case 9-2020: A 64-Year-Old Man with Shortness of Breath, Cough, and Hypoxemia.

The New England journal of medicine 2020 Mar 19;382;1150-1159 — 2020 Mar 19 — 1150-1159

Khaliq MF, Ihle RE, Perry J

Immunosuppression with Antitumour Necrosis Factor Therapy Leading to Hyperinfection Syndrome.

Case reports in infectious diseases 2018;2018;6341680 — 2018 — 6341680

Rutherford AI, Patarata E, Subesinghe S, Hyrich KL, Galloway JB

Opportunistic infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients exposed to biologic therapy: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2018 06 01;57;997-1001 — 2018 06 01 — 997-1001

Baddley JW, Winthrop KL, Chen L, Liu L, Grijalva CG, Delzell E, Beukelman T, Patkar NM, Xie F, Saag KG, Herrinton LJ, Solomon DH, Lewis JD, Curtis JR

Non-viral opportunistic infections in new users of tumour necrosis factor inhibitor therapy: results of the SAfety Assessment of Biologic ThERapy (SABER) study.

Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2014 Nov;73;1942-8 — 2014 Nov — 1942-8

Gordon R, Mays R, Doan H, Lapolla W, Tyring SK

Biologic therapy and risk of infection.

Skin therapy letter 2012 Apr;17;1-4 — 2012 Apr — 1-4

Keyser FD

Choice of Biologic Therapy for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Infection Perspective.

Current rheumatology reviews 2011 Feb;7;77-87 — 2011 Feb — 77-87

Alvarez B, Arcos J, Fernández-Guerrero ML

Pulmonary infectious diseases in patients with primary immunodeficiency and those treated with biologic immunomodulating agents.

Current opinion in pulmonary medicine 2011 May;17;172-9 — 2011 May — 172-9