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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XIV.a

Methemoglobinemia

Publications

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Severe methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia from aniline purchased as 2C-E (4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine), a recreational drug, on the Internet - Oregon, 2011.

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2012;61(5):85-8

Pizon AF, Schwartz AR, Shum LM, Rittenberger JC, Lower DR, Giannoutsos S, Virji MA, Krasowski MD

Toxicology laboratory analysis and human exposure to p-chloroaniline.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.). 2009;47(2):132-6