The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

LVIII.o

Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL)

Publications

Inokuma S

Leflunomide-induced interstitial pneumonitis might be a representative of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-induced lung injury.

Expert opinion on drug safety 2011 Jul;10;603-11 — 2011 Jul — 603-11

Sato T, Inokuma S, Sagawa A, Matsuda T, Takemura T, Otsuka T, Saeki Y, Takeuchi T, Sawada T,

Factors associated with fatal outcome of leflunomide-induced lung injury in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2009 Oct;48;1265-8 — 2009 Oct — 1265-8

Ochi S, Harigai M, Mizoguchi F, Iwai H, Hagiyama H, Oka T, Miyasaka N

Leflunomide-related acute interstitial pneumonia in two patients with rheumatoid arthritis: autopsy findings with a mosaic pattern of acute and organizing diffuse alveolar damage.

Modern rheumatology 2006;16;316-20 — 2006 — 316-20

Hirabayashi Y, Shimizu H, Kobayashi N, Kudo K

Leflunomide-induced pneumonitis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2006;45;689-91 — 2006 — 689-91