The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
Path: Pneumocyte atypia (reactive epithelial cells) (a.k.a. the "Napoleon Hat" sign)
Publications
Pulmonary fibrosis following therapy with melphalan: report of two cases.
Canadian Medical Association journal 1980 Aug 09;123;197-202 — 1980 Aug 09 — 197-202
Pulmonary fibrosis following therapy with Melphalan for multiple myeloma.
Journal of clinical pathology 1972 Aug;25;668-73 — 1972 Aug — 668-73
Pulmonary histopathologic changes associated with melphalan therapy.
Cancer 1978 Sep;42;1239-45 — 1978 Sep — 1239-45