The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Amyl-nitrite, butyl-nitrite, isobutyl-nitrite ('Poppers')

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XI.a

Cyanosis, a low SpO2 and normal measured PaO2

See under XIVa: Methemoglobinemia

Publications

Raza S, Kumar A

Blue fingers and lips on an acute medical take.

The New Zealand medical journal. 2009;122(1295):65-6

Lin CH, Fang CC, Lee CC, Ko PC, Chen WJ

Near-fatal methemoglobinemia after recreational inhalation of amyl nitrite aerosolized with a compressed gas blower.

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi. 2005;104(11):856-9

Aagaard NK

[Amyl nitrite poisoning].

Ugeskrift for laeger. 1998;160(25):3740-1

Dudley MJ, Solomon T

A case of methaemoglobinaemia.

Archives of emergency medicine. 1993;10(2):117-9

Ducker TE, Fleet WF 3rd, Morgan HJ

A case of cyanosis without hypoxemia.

Journal of the Tennessee Medical Association. 1990;83(1):22