The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XI.r

Death following exposure or poisoning

Publications

Bishop-Freeman SC, Friederich LW, Feaster MS, Hudson JS

Buprenorphine-Related Deaths in North Carolina from 2010 to 2018.

Journal of analytical toxicology. 2021;45(8):780-791

Kim HK, Smiddy M, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS

Buprenorphine may not be as safe as you think: a pediatric fatality from unintentional exposure.

Pediatrics. 2012;130(6):e1700-3