The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
Methemoglobinemia
Publications
Rare cases of nitrite poisoning by accidental ingestion: Clinical and medico-legal aspects.
Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan). 2025;73:102573
Out of the Blue: Methemoglobinemia Associated With the Use of Amyl Nitrite in Rush Poppers for Erectile Stimulation.
Cureus. 2023;15(6):e41201
Barrangou-Poueys-Darlas M, Gerardin M, Deheul S, Istvan M, Guerlais M, Fan, Jolliet P, Dejoie T, Victorri-Vigneau C
Poppers Use and High Methaemoglobinaemia: 'Dangerous Liaisons'.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;14(10)
Poppers-Induced Methemoglobinemia: A Curious Case of the Blues.
Cureus. 2021;13(5):e15276
Nitrate Poisoning due to Ingestion of Cabbages (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) (Brassicaceae) in Kitui County, Kenya.
TheScientificWorldJournal. 2019;2019:8716518
Sodium nitrite food poisoning in one family.
Forensic science, medicine, and pathology. 2019;15(1):102-105
Successful treatment of methemoglobinemia in an elderly couple with severe cyanosis: two case reports.
Journal of medical case reports. 2012;6:290
Incidence of methemoglobinemia in patients receiving cerium nitrate and silver sulfadiazine for the treatment of burn wounds: a burn center's experience.
Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society. 2011;19(2):201-4
Nitrate methemoglobinemia.
The New England journal of medicine. 1949;240(15):599-602
Methemoglobinemia by cerium nitrate poisoning.
Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries. 2006;32(8):1060-1
Methemoglobinemia following unintentional ingestion of sodium nitrite--New York, 2002.
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2002;51(29):639-42
A case of fatal methemoglobinemia of unknown origin but presumably due to ingestion of nitrate.
International journal of legal medicine. 2000;113(3):164-7
Infantile methemoglobinemia caused by carrot juice.
The New England journal of medicine. 1973;288(16):824-6