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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XIV.a

Methemoglobinemia

Publications

Synowiec K, Gawlikowski T, Konopka T, Gajek R, Rojek S

Rare cases of nitrite poisoning by accidental ingestion: Clinical and medico-legal aspects.

Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan). 2025;73:102573

Idries IY, Khristoforov V, Duddala S, Duong YV, Zaman M

Out of the Blue: Methemoglobinemia Associated With the Use of Amyl Nitrite in Rush Poppers for Erectile Stimulation.

Cureus. 2023;15(6):e41201

Barrangou-Poueys-Darlas M, Gerardin M, Deheul S, Istvan M, Guerlais M, Fan, Jolliet P, Dejoie T, Victorri-Vigneau C

Poppers Use and High Methaemoglobinaemia: 'Dangerous Liaisons'.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;14(10)

Tello DM, Doodnauth AV, Patel KH, Gutierrez D, Dubey GR

Poppers-Induced Methemoglobinemia: A Curious Case of the Blues.

Cureus. 2021;13(5):e15276

Nguta JM

Nitrate Poisoning due to Ingestion of Cabbages (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) (Brassicaceae) in Kitui County, Kenya.

TheScientificWorldJournal. 2019;2019:8716518

Cvetković D, Živković V, Lukić V, Nikolić S

Sodium nitrite food poisoning in one family.

Forensic science, medicine, and pathology. 2019;15(1):102-105

Su YF, Lu LH, Hsu TH, Chang SL, Lin RT

Successful treatment of methemoglobinemia in an elderly couple with severe cyanosis: two case reports.

Journal of medical case reports. 2012;6:290

Kath MA, Shupp JW, Matt SE, Shaw JD, Johnson LS, Pavlovich AR, Brant JD, Mete M, Jeng JC, Jordan MH

Incidence of methemoglobinemia in patients receiving cerium nitrate and silver sulfadiazine for the treatment of burn wounds: a burn center's experience.

Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society. 2011;19(2):201-4

MARCUS H, JOFFE JR

Nitrate methemoglobinemia.

The New England journal of medicine. 1949;240(15):599-602

Attof R, Magnin C, Bertin-Maghit M, Olivier L, Tissot S, Petit P

Methemoglobinemia by cerium nitrate poisoning.

Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries. 2006;32(8):1060-1

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Methemoglobinemia following unintentional ingestion of sodium nitrite--New York, 2002.

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2002;51(29):639-42

Saito T, Takeichi S, Osawa M, Yukawa N, Huang XL

A case of fatal methemoglobinemia of unknown origin but presumably due to ingestion of nitrate.

International journal of legal medicine. 2000;113(3):164-7

Keating JP, Lell ME, Strauss AW, Zarkowsky H, Smith GE

Infantile methemoglobinemia caused by carrot juice.

The New England journal of medicine. 1973;288(16):824-6