The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

I.q

Pulmonary nodulosis

Publications

Yoshikawa GT, Dias GA, Fujihara S, Silva LF, Cruz Lde B, Fuzii HT, Koyama RV

Formation of multiple pulmonary nodules during treatment with leflunomide.

Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia 2015 May-Jun;41;281-4 — 2015 May-Jun — 281-4

Rozin A, Yigla M, Guralnik L, Keidar Z, Vlodavsky E, Rozenbaum M, Nahir AM, Balbir-Gurman A

Rheumatoid lung nodulosis and osteopathy associated with leflunomide therapy.

Clinical rheumatology 2006 May;25;384-8 — 2006 May — 384-8