The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
Publications
Bronchoconstriction induced by ipratropium bromide in asthma: relation to hypotonicity.
British medical journal (Clinical research ed.) 1984 Aug 25;289;469 — 1984 Aug 25 — 469
Review of ipratropium bromide in induced bronchospasm in patients with asthma.
The American journal of medicine 1986 Nov 14;81;36-44 — 1986 Nov 14 — 36-44