The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XI.r

Death following exposure or poisoning

Publications

Elkalioubie A, Allorge D, Robriquet L, Wiart JF, Garat A, Broly F, Fourrier F

Near-fatal tramadol cardiotoxicity in a CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer.

European journal of clinical pharmacology 2011 Aug;67;855-8 — 2011 Aug — 855-8

Bynum ND, Poklis JL, Gaffney-Kraft M, Garside D, Ropero-Miller JD

Postmortem distribution of tramadol, amitriptyline, and their metabolites in a suicidal overdose.

Journal of analytical toxicology 2005 Jul-Aug;29;401-6 — 2005 Jul-Aug — 401-6